Uetrecht, Jack published the artcileRole of drug metabolism for breaking tolerance and the localization of drug hypersensitivity, Application In Synthesis of 40180-04-9, the main research area is review drug reactive metabolite tolerance hypersensitivity penicillamine nevirapine modeling.
There are 3 major working hypotheses for the mechanism of drug hypersensitivity reactions: the hapten hypotheses, the danger hypothesis and the PI hypothesis. These hypotheses are difficult to test because of the idiosyncratic nature of hypersensitivity reactions. There is evidence that reactive metabolites are involved in many hypersensitivity reactions, and the reactive metabolite is often formed in the target organ of toxicity, presumably because the half-life of most reactive metabolites is too short to allow them to reach distant sites. In the case of less reactive species that freely circulate the pattern of hypersensitivity usually fits that expected of an extracellular antigen, specifically, an antibody-mediated reaction. The authors have used 2 animal models: penicillamine-induced autoimmunity and nevirapine-induced skin rash in Brown Norway rats to test hypotheses. The authors have found that tolerance is readily induced with a lower dose of the drug, although the nature of tolerance is different in the 2 models. In the penicillamine model, tolerance is immune-mediated and can be overcome by agents that act as a danger signal. Reactive metabolites may also act as a danger signal. The models can also be used to test the role of reactive species in the mechanism of hypersensitivity reactions.
Toxicology published new progress about Drug metabolism. 40180-04-9 belongs to class benzothiophene, name is 2-(2,3-Dichloro-4-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)phenoxy)acetic acid, and the molecular formula is C13H8Cl2O4S, Application In Synthesis of 40180-04-9.
Referemce:
Benzothiophene – Wikipedia,
Benzothiophene | C8H6S – PubChem