Day: November 22, 2022

Rubber pyrolysis: Kinetic modeling and vulcanization effects was written by Liu, Sheng;Yu, Jie;Bikane, Kagiso;Chen, Tao;Ma, Chuan;Wang, Ben;Sun, Lushi. And the article was included in Energy (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2018.Safety of 2,5-Dimethylthiophene The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Kinetic studies and the effect of the vulcanization process on the pyrolysis of natural rubber (NR), butadiene rubber (BR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) were investigated in this work. The DAEM showed a better fitting of the exptl. results than the model-based method. The activation energy distribution of the DAEM verified by the model-free method indicated that the main decomposition of rubbers followed a chain reaction mechanism. Pyrolysis of raw rubbers and their corresponding vulcanized rubbers were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor. The sulfur content and product yields were quantified. Pyrolysis oils were characterized and compared. The oil yields reached a maximum at 430°C for NR (90.82%), 470°C for both BR (90.61%) and SBR (92.80%). Pyrolytic oils of raw rubbers were mainly composed of their corresponding monomer or dimer, trimer compounds However, the results of vulcanized rubbers pyrolysis were significantly different. Sulfur in the vulcanized rubbers was released at low temperatures due to the lower bond energy. Higher temperatures led to the conversion of sulfur-containing oils to gaseous compounds Vulcanization promoted the decomposition of rubbers at low temperatures but had an insignificant influence on pyrolysis products distribution at high temperature Pyrolysis oils of vulcanized rubbers were more complex, constituting various aromatic hydrocarbons and thiophenes. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2,5-Dimethylthiophene (cas: 638-02-8Safety of 2,5-Dimethylthiophene).

2,5-Dimethylthiophene (cas: 638-02-8) belongs to benzothiophene derivatives. Benzothiophene finds use in research as a starting material for the synthesis of larger, usually bioactive structures. Due to its aromaticity, thiophenes do not exhibit the same properties as conventional thioethers.Safety of 2,5-Dimethylthiophene

Referemce:
Benzothiophene – Wikipedia,
Benzothiophene | C8H6S – PubChem

A fluidizable Zn-offretite for selective thiophenic species adsorption. Additive performance under FCC conditions was written by Aponte, Yira;Che-Galicia, Gamaliel;de Lasa, Hugo. And the article was included in Fuel in 2016.Application of 638-02-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study evaluates a new Zn-OFF additive (3.5 weight% of Zn in an offretite zeolite) to reduce sulfur in gasoline range hydrocarbons. The additive is contacted with Thiophene (Th), 2-methyl-thiophene (2MTh) and 2,5-dimethyl-thiophene (25DMTh) which are used to represent sulfur species. These species are concurrently fed with 1,3,5 trimethylbenzene (TMB) into a CREC Fluidized Reactor Simulator. Selected temperatures, partial pressures, reaction times and C/Os (catalyst/oil) are representative of operating conditions in FCC industrial units. It is proven that the Zn-OFF additive displays an excellent performance for 2MTh selective adsorption. The best sulfur removal using the Zn-OFF additive was found using the 2MTh at 530 °C and 5 s. It is hypothesized that the selective sulfur adsorption on the Zn-OFF additive involves dominant Lewis acid sites. On the basis of the results reported, it is anticipated that the Zn-OFF additive can provide a valuable “in situ” sulfur selective adsorption for the thiophene compounds It is also found that the used Zn-OFF additive while blended with a FCC com. catalyst mixture reduces coke production, in particular sulfur in coke. It is thus, demonstrated that under typical FCC unit operating conditions, the Zn-OFF additive can decrease sulfur in coke with this leading to a mitigation of SO_x emissions in the FCC regenerator, where coke is combusted. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2,5-Dimethylthiophene (cas: 638-02-8Application of 638-02-8).

2,5-Dimethylthiophene (cas: 638-02-8) belongs to benzothiophene derivatives. Benzothiophene is used as starting material for the synthesis of bioactive molecules. The core structure is a part of various pharmaceutical substances and natural products. The different substitution patterns in these heterocycles offer new opportunities for drug discovery and other applications in materials science.Application of 638-02-8

Referemce:
Benzothiophene – Wikipedia,
Benzothiophene | C8H6S – PubChem

Novel Sulfur-Containing Cross-Linking Agent for Si-Based Preceramic Polymers was written by Taheri, Poroshat;Bokka, Apparao;Asgari, Parham;Jeon, Junha;Lang, John C.;Campostrini, Renzo;Soraru, Gian Domenico;Kroll, Peter. And the article was included in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics in 2020.Electric Literature of C6H8S The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Crosslinking polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) with divinylthiophene (DVT) via hydrosilylation in highly dilute conditions and subsequent supercritical drying in CO₂ yield a polymeric aerogel containing aromatic sulfur integrally and uniformly distributed throughout the monolith. Fourier-transform IR (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicates almost complete consumption of vinyl groups and Si-H bonds in the product. Both FT-IR and Raman spectroscopic analyses support loss of conjugation of vinyl groups with the retained double bonds of the thiophene ring. SEM indicates a condensed colloidal structure with characteristic particulate diameters of about 165 nm. SEM coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy elemental mapping shows that sulfur is distributed homogeneously in the polymeric aerogel. Porosimetry of the mesoporous aerogel indicates the effective average pore diameters are about 12 nm. Thermogravimetric anal. (TGA) establishes greater thermal stability of the PMHS-DVT product than either of the pure unreacted components. TGA coupled with mass spectrometric (TG-MS) identification of the volatiles released during pyrolysis shows that sulfur is driven from the crosslinked polymer as thiophene and its derivatives Recorded mass spectra support the hypothesis that crosslinking DVT bridges between PMHS chains in the polymeric aerogel, and that this results in a more thermally stable monolith. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2,5-Dimethylthiophene (cas: 638-02-8Electric Literature of C6H8S).

2,5-Dimethylthiophene (cas: 638-02-8) belongs to benzothiophene derivatives. Functionalized benzothiophenes are important constructs found in molecules with wide ranging biological activity and in organic materials. It is also used in the manufacturing of dyes such as thioindigo.Electric Literature of C6H8S

Referemce:
Benzothiophene – Wikipedia,
Benzothiophene | C8H6S – PubChem

Photoinduced Changes in Aromaticity Facilitate Electrocyclization of Dithienylbenzene Switches was written by Oruganti, Baswanth;Pal Kalapos, Peter;Bhargav, Varada;London, Gabor;Durbeej, Bo. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2020.Electric Literature of C6H8S The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The concepts of excited-state aromaticity and antiaromaticity have in recent years been invoked to rationalize the photochem. of cyclic conjugated organic compounds, with the long-term goal of using these concepts to improve the reactivities of such compounds toward different photochem. transformations. It is of particular interest to assess how the presence of a benzene motif affects photochem. reactivity, as benzene is well-known to completely change its aromatic character in its lowest excited states. Here, we investigate how a benzene motif influences the photoinduced electrocyclization of dithienylethenes, a major class of mol. switches. Specifically, we report on the synthesis of a dithienylbenzene switch where the typical nonaromatic, ethene-like motif bridging the two thienyl units is replaced by a benzene motif, and show that this compound undergoes electrocyclization upon irradiation with UV-light. Furthermore, through a detailed quantum chem. anal., we demonstrate that the electrocyclization is driven jointly and synergistically by the loss of aromaticity in this motif from the formation of a reactive, antiarom. excited state during the initial photoexcitation, and by the subsequent relief of this antiaromaticity as the reaction progresses from the Franck-Condon region. Overall, we conclude that photoinduced changes in aromaticity facilitate the electrocyclization of dithienylbenzene switches. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2,5-Dimethylthiophene (cas: 638-02-8Electric Literature of C6H8S).

2,5-Dimethylthiophene (cas: 638-02-8) belongs to benzothiophene derivatives. Functionalized benzothiophenes are important constructs found in molecules with wide ranging biological activity and in organic materials. It is found within the chemical structures of pharmaceutical drugs such as zileuton, raloxifene, and sertaconazole, and also BTCP.Electric Literature of C6H8S

Referemce:
Benzothiophene – Wikipedia,
Benzothiophene | C8H6S – PubChem

In-vitro evaluation of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of volatile compounds and minerals in five different onion varieties was written by Sami, Rokayya;Elhakem, Abeer;Alharbi, Mona;Almatrafi, Manal;Benajiba, Nada;Mohamed, Taha Ahmed;Fikry, Mohammad;Helal, Mahmoud. And the article was included in Separations in 2021.Formula: C6H8S The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Onions contain high antioxidants compounds that fight inflammation against many diseases. The purpose was to investigate some selected bioactive activities of onion varieties (Yellow, Red, Green, Leek, and Baby). Antioxidant assays and anti-inflammatory activities such as NO production with the addition of some bioactive components were determined and analyzed by using a spectrophotometer. Gas chromatog. and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the volatile compounds, while an Atomic absorption spectrometer was used for mineral determinations Red variety achieved the highest antioxidant activities. The total flavonoids were between (12.56 and 353.53 mg Quercetin/gin dry weight) (dw) and the total phenol was (8.75-25.73 mg/g dw). Leek, Yellow and Green extracts achieved highly anti-inflammatory values (3.71-4.01 μg/mL) followed by Red and Baby extracts, resp. The highest contents of sodium, potassium, zinc, and calcium were established for Red onions. Furfuraldehyde, 5-Methyl-2-furfuraldehyde, 2-Methyl-2-pentenal, and 1-Propanethiol were the most predominant, followed by a minor abundance of the other compounds such as Di-Me sulfide, Me allyl disulfide, Methyl-trans-propenyl-disulfide, and Me Pr disulfide. The results recommend that these varieties could act as sources of essential antioxidants and anti-inflammatories to decrease inflammation and oxidative stresses, especially red onions that recorded high activities. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2,5-Dimethylthiophene (cas: 638-02-8Formula: C6H8S).

2,5-Dimethylthiophene (cas: 638-02-8) belongs to benzothiophene derivatives. Benzothiophene is relatively a stable molecule. The electrophilic substitution of benzothiophene systems is much less regioselective than that of indoles. Due to its aromaticity, thiophenes do not exhibit the same properties as conventional thioethers.Formula: C6H8S

Referemce:
Benzothiophene – Wikipedia,
Benzothiophene | C8H6S – PubChem

Insights into the HDS/HYDO selectivity with considering stacking effect of Co-MoS₂ catalysts by combined DFT and microkinetic method was written by Zheng, Meng;Zhao, Liang;Cao, Liyuan;Zhang, Yuhao;Gao, Jinsen;Xu, Chunming. And the article was included in Fuel in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 2,5-Dimethylthiophene The following contents are mentioned in the article:

To investigate the desulfurization/olefin hydrogenation (HDS/HYDO) selectivity for thiophenic compounds, the adsorptions and reactions of thiophenic compounds including 2-methythiophene (2-MT), 3-methylthiophene (3-MT), 2,5-dimethylthiophene (2,5-DMT), 3,4-dimethylthiophene (3,4-DMT), and benzothiophene (BT) are calculated based on d. functional theory (DFT). The ionization energy is found linearly related to the adsorption energy which could prove that the thiophenic compounds are NOT sterically hindered by stacking layers of Co-MoS₂ catalysts, therefore the monolayer Co-MoS₂ catalysts could be reasonably applied to study thiophenic compounds HDS process. Both the results of adsorption energies and Gibbs free energy variations suggest that there are stronger adsorptions for thiophenic compounds than 1-hexene. Microkinetic studies considering the whole HDS process declare: (1) the sulfur vacancy over S edge of Co-MoS₂ catalysts also has high HDS/HYDO selectivity for thiophenic compounds and 1-hexene; (2) the DDS pathways are more feasible than HYD pathways for thiophenic compounds; (3) the reactivity is determined as T/2-MT/3-MT > 2,5-DMT/3,4-DMT/BT. Hence, the comprehensive investigation help to deeply understand the performance of the sulfur vacancy over the S edge of Co-MoS₂ catalysts in the actual situation, which has significance to design the high HDS/HYDO selectivity catalysts. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2,5-Dimethylthiophene (cas: 638-02-8Application In Synthesis of 2,5-Dimethylthiophene).

2,5-Dimethylthiophene (cas: 638-02-8) belongs to benzothiophene derivatives. Benzothiophene is used as starting material for the synthesis of bioactive molecules. The core structure is a part of various pharmaceutical substances and natural products. It is found within the chemical structures of pharmaceutical drugs such as raloxifene, zileuton, sertaconazole, and also BTCP.Application In Synthesis of 2,5-Dimethylthiophene

Referemce:
Benzothiophene – Wikipedia,
Benzothiophene | C8H6S – PubChem

Fused-Ring Nonfullerene Acceptor Forming Interpenetrating J-Architecture for Fullerene-Free Polymer Solar Cells was written by Yan, Dong;Liu, Wenxu;Yao, Jiannian;Zhan, Chuanlang. And the article was included in Advanced Energy Materials in 2018.HPLC of Formula: 638-02-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

An interesting and important question emerges with the rapid advances of the highly efficient fused-ring nonfullerene acceptors; i.e., how the acceptor mols. form aggregates in its blended film with a donor polymer/small mol. so as to offer highly efficient exciton diffusion and electron transport. To answer this question, a new acceptor mol., 3,9-bis(5-methylene-4-one-6-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-cyclopenta[c]thiophen-2,8-dimethyl)-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-n-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d’]-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b’]dithiophene (ITCT-DM), is designed and synthesized herein and its unique interpenetrating J-architecture is presented in which the acceptor mols. form compacted and displaced ππ-stacks with the distances of 3.1-4.2 Ǻ. Again the crystal structure data are correlated with the grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) data of the pure acceptor and its polymer:acceptor blended films, which gives a clearer picture about the origins of the acceptor’s GIXRD signals in both the pure and its blended films. Again, these results unveil the key roles of the uses of 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) and thermal annealing treatment in optimizing the acceptor phase morphologies in the donor:acceptor blended film, and the combination of the thermal annealing and DIO treatment leads to obtain higher crystallinity for both the donor and acceptor phases, more compacted packing, and finer morphologies. A power conversion efficiency of 10.5% is obtained. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2,5-Dimethylthiophene (cas: 638-02-8HPLC of Formula: 638-02-8).

2,5-Dimethylthiophene (cas: 638-02-8) belongs to benzothiophene derivatives. Benzothiophene is used as starting material for the synthesis of bioactive molecules. The core structure is a part of various pharmaceutical substances and natural products. Due to its aromaticity, thiophenes do not exhibit the same properties as conventional thioethers.HPLC of Formula: 638-02-8

Referemce:
Benzothiophene – Wikipedia,
Benzothiophene | C8H6S – PubChem

Effect of naphtha diluent on greenhouse gases and reduced sulfur compounds emissions from oil sands tailings was written by Gee, Kathleen F.;Poon, Ho Yin;Hashisho, Zaher;Ulrich, Ania C.. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2017.Category: benzothiophene The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The long-term storage of oil sands tailings has resulted in the evolution of greenhouse gases (CH₄ and CO₂) as a result of residual organics biodegradation Recent studies have identified black, sulfidic zones below the tailings-water interface, which may be producing toxic sulfur-containing gases. An anaerobic mesocosm study was conducted over an 11-wk period to characterize the evolution of CH₄, CO₂ and reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs) (including H₂S) in tailings as it relates to naphtha-containing diluent concentrations (0.2, 0.8, and 1.5% w/v) and microbial activity. Our results showed that RSCs were produced first at 0.12 μmol°RSCs/mL MFT (1.5% w/v diluent treatment). RSCs contribution (from highest to lowest) was H₂S and 2-methylthiophene > 2.5-dimethylthiophene > 3-methylthiophene > thiofuran > Bu mercaptan > carbonyl sulfide, where H₂S and 2-methylthiophene contributed 81% of the gas produced. CH₄ and CO₂ production occurred after week 5 at 40.7 μmol CH₄/mL MFT and 5.9 μmol CO₂/mL MFT (1.5% w/v diluent treatment). The amount of H₂S and CH₄ generated is correlated to the amount of diluent present and to microbial activity as shown by corresponding increases in sulfate-reducers’ Dissimilatory sulfite reductase (DsrAB) gene and methanogens’ methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) gene. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2,5-Dimethylthiophene (cas: 638-02-8Category: benzothiophene).

2,5-Dimethylthiophene (cas: 638-02-8) belongs to benzothiophene derivatives. Benzothiophene scaffolds are of great importance due to its increased presence in bioactive molecules. It has been used as a raw material for the synthesis of biologically active structures and is found in pharmaceuticals such as leukotriene synthesis inhibitors and antifungals, as well as in many natural products.Category: benzothiophene

Referemce:
Benzothiophene – Wikipedia,
Benzothiophene | C8H6S – PubChem

Volatile compounds of pastirma under different curing processes was written by Hazar, Fatma Yagmur;Kaban, Guezin;Kaya, Muekerrem. And the article was included in Journal of Food Processing and Preservation in 2019.Formula: C6H8S The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The effects of different curing processes (curing temperature 4°C or 10°C and curing agent 150 mg/kg nitrite or 300 mg/kg nitrate) on the volatile compound profile of the pastirma (Turkish dry-cured meat product) have been investigated. A total of 45 volatile compounds, including alcs., aldehydes, ketones, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, terpenes, sulfur compounds, esters, furans and nitrogenous compounds have been identified in pastirma samples. The curing temperature did not have a significant effect on any compound The curing agent had statistically a significant or very significant influence on 12 compounds In general, the use of nitrate increased the amount of volatile compound However, lower mean hexanal value was determined in pastirma samples cured with nitrite than those cured with nitrate. Practical applications : Pastirma is a traditional dry-cured meat product. It is produced from whole muscle and/or mucsles of certain parts of beef or water buffalo carcasses. In curing stage, nitrate was used generally. However, nitrite can be used alone or with nitrate in this stage. In this study, the effects of different curing conditions (150 mg/kg nitrite or 300 mg/kg nitrate and 4°C or 10°C) on volatile compounds of pastirma were investigated. According to the results, pastirma produced with nitrate generally showed higher amounts of volatile compounds On the other hand, curing temperature was not significant factor in terms of volatile compounds This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2,5-Dimethylthiophene (cas: 638-02-8Formula: C6H8S).

2,5-Dimethylthiophene (cas: 638-02-8) belongs to benzothiophene derivatives. Benzothiophenes are valuable heterocycles that are widely used in medicines, agrochemicals, and materials science. It is found within the chemical structures of pharmaceutical drugs such as raloxifene, zileuton, and sertaconazole, and also BTCP.Formula: C6H8S

Referemce:
Benzothiophene – Wikipedia,
Benzothiophene | C8H6S – PubChem

Biosynthesis of pleasant aroma by enokitake (Flammulina velutipes) with a potential use in a novel tea drink was written by Rigling, Marina;Yadav, Mayuri;Yagishita, Manami;Nedele, Ann-Kathrin;Sun, Jinyuan;Zhang, Yanyan. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2021.Name: 2,5-Dimethylthiophene The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Western consumers prefer tea products with little or no green flavor. Accordingly, edible basidiomycetes have been addressed as an innovative tool to naturally aromatize tea infusion to mask or reduce green flavor. After submerged fermentation of green tea infusion with basidiomycetes, multiple pleasant odor impressions were perceived which significantly differed from the characteristic green and floral odor of the substrate. Among twenty-nine screened fungi, enokitake (Flammulina velutipes) was regarded as an ideal species to potentially drive a sensorial tea drink because of its appealing nutty and chocolate-like flavor and a rapid fermentation process (16 h). To better understand flavor formation during fermentation as perceived by sensory evaluation, the flavor profile was decoded by direct immersion – stir bar sorptive extraction – gas chromatog. – mass spectrometry – olfactometry. During the fermentation, a series of key odorants of the non-fermented tea infusion imparting green and floral were decreased, while compounds responsible for the nutty and chocolate-like aroma increased. Enokitake biosynthesized the sensory-relevant compound 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, which has not been reported in basidiomycetes yet. We assume that vitamin B1 and sodium acetate are potential precursors in enokitake. In parallel, the accumulation of various alkylpyrazines (2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine, and 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine) has been observed as well. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2,5-Dimethylthiophene (cas: 638-02-8Name: 2,5-Dimethylthiophene).

2,5-Dimethylthiophene (cas: 638-02-8) belongs to benzothiophene derivatives. Benzothiophene is used as starting material for the synthesis of bioactive molecules. The core structure is a part of various pharmaceutical substances and natural products. It is found within the chemical structures of pharmaceutical drugs such as raloxifene, zileuton, and sertaconazole, and also BTCP.Name: 2,5-Dimethylthiophene

Referemce:
Benzothiophene – Wikipedia,
Benzothiophene | C8H6S – PubChem