Rapid Dissolution of Cinnabar in Crude Oils at Reservoir Temperatures Facilitated by Reduced Sulfur Ligands was written by Lambertsson, Lars;Lord, Charles J.;Frech, Wolfgang;Bjoern, Erik. And the article was included in ACS Earth and Space Chemistry in 2018.Application In Synthesis of 2,5-Dimethylthiophene The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Mercury (Hg) is present in petrochem. samples, including crude oils, and the processing and use of petroleum products contribute to global Hg emissions. We present a refined theory on geochem. processes controlling Hg concentrations in crude oil by studying dissolution kinetics and solubility thermodn. of cinnabar (α-HgS(s)) in different crude oils held at reservoir temperatures In a black light crude oil, α-HgS(s) dissolved in an apparent zero-order reaction with a rate of 0.14-0.58 μmoles m-2 s-1 at 170-230 °C and an estimated activation energy of 43 kJ mol-1. For crude oil samples with a total sulfur concentration spanning 0.15-2.38% (weight/weight), the measured dissolution rate varied between 0.05 and 0.24 μmoles m-2 s-1 at 200 °C. Sep. tests showed that thiols and, to a lesser extent, organic sulfides increased the solubility of α-HgS(s) in isooctane at room temperature compared to thiophenes, disulfides, and elemental sulfur. Long-term (14 days) α-HgS(s) solubility tests in a crude oil at 200 °C generated dissolved Hg concentrations in the 0.3% (weight/weight) range. The high α-HgS(s) dissolving capacity of the crude oils was more than 2 orders of magnitude greater than the highest reported Hg concentration in crude oils globally. On the basis of the kinetic and solubility data, it was further concluded that α-HgS(s) is not stable under typical petroleum reservoir conditions and would decompose to elemental mercury (Hg0). Our results suggest that source/reservoir temperature, abundance of reduced sulfur compounds in the crude oil, and dissolved Hg0 evasion processes are principal factors controlling the ultimate Hg concentration in a specific crude oil deposit. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2,5-Dimethylthiophene (cas: 638-02-8Application In Synthesis of 2,5-Dimethylthiophene).
2,5-Dimethylthiophene (cas: 638-02-8) belongs to benzothiophene derivatives. Benzothiophene is relatively a stable molecule. The core structure is a part of various pharmaceutical substances and natural products. It is found within the chemical structures of pharmaceutical drugs such as zileuton, raloxifene, and sertaconazole, and also BTCP.Application In Synthesis of 2,5-Dimethylthiophene
Referemce:
Benzothiophene – Wikipedia,
Benzothiophene | C8H6S – PubChem