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New Advances in Chemical Research, May 2021. The prevalence of solvent effects in heterogeneous catalysis in condensed media has motivated developing quantitative kinetic, and theoretical assessments of solvent structures and transition states. Recommanded Product: 4923-87-9, C8H5BrS. A document type is Article, introducing its new discovery., Recommanded Product: 4923-87-9
Reaction conditions for the three-component synthesis of aryl 1,3-diketones are reported applying the palladium-catalyzed carbonylative alpha-arylation of ketones with aryl bromides. The optimal conditions were found by using a catalytic system derived from [Pd(dba)2] (dba=dibenzylideneacetone) as the palladium source and 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (DPPP) as the bidentate ligand. These transformations were run in the two-chamber reactor, COware, applying only 1.5 equivalents of carbon monoxide generated from the CO-releasing compound, 9-methylfluorene-9-carbonyl chloride (COgen). The methodology proved adaptable to a wide variety of aryl and heteroaryl bromides leading to a diverse range of aryl 1,3-diketones. A mechanistic investigation of this transformation relying on 31P and 13C NMR spectroscopy was undertaken to determine the possible catalytic pathway. Our results revealed that the combination of [Pd(dba)2] and DPPP was only reactive towards 4-bromoanisole in the presence of the sodium enolate of propiophenone suggesting that a [Pd(dppp)(enolate)] anion was initially generated before the oxidative-addition step. Subsequent CO insertion into an [Pd(Ar)(dppp)(enolate)] species provided the 1,3-diketone. These results indicate that a catalytic cycle, different from the classical carbonylation mechanism proposed by Heck, is operating. To investigate the effect of the dba ligand, the Pd0 precursor, [Pd(eta3-1-PhC 3H4)(eta5-C5H5)], was examined. In the presence of DPPP, and in contrast to [Pd(dba)2], its oxidative addition with 4-bromoanisole occurred smoothly providing the [PdBr(Ar)(dppp)] complex. After treatment with CO, the acyl complex [Pd(CO)Br(Ar)(dppp)] was generated, however, its treatment with the sodium enolate led exclusively to the acylated enol in high yield. Nevertheless, the carbonylative alpha-arylation of 4-bromoanisole with either catalytic or stoichiometric [Pd(eta3-1-PhC3H4) (eta5-C5H5)] over a short reaction time, led to the 1,3-diketone product. Because none of the acylated enol was detected, this implied that a similar mechanistic pathway is operating as that observed for the same transformation with [Pd(dba)2] as the Pd source. CO-operation is the key! The first palladium-catalyzed carbonylative alpha-arylation of aryl bromides is described. A wide array of different aryl 1,3-diketones can be isolated in good-to-excellent yields using only stoichiometric amounts of CO (see scheme). A mechanistic study is presented that suggests the need for enolate coordination prior to oxidative addition when [Pd(dba)2] is employed as the precatalyst. Copyright
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Reference:
Benzothiophene – Wikipedia,
Benzothiophene | C8H6S – PubChem